Research on Virtual Simulation Scenario Development and Collaborative Rescue Training of Chemical Park Fires for Undergraduate Emergency Response Majors

Abstract

Fire and explosion incidents in hazardous chemical industrial parks are characterized by their sudden onset, rapid progression, numerous secondary risks, and the need for high levels of interagency coordination. Traditional in-person drills and written contingency plans struggle to replicate complex incident scenarios in a low-risk, low-cost, and end-to-end manner. Taking the “August 12” Extraordinary Major Fire and Explosion Accident at the Port of Tianjin as a typical case study, this paper addresses issues in undergraduate emergency response practical training—such as a lack of diverse scenarios, imprecise alignment between theory and practice, and insufficient resource sharing—by developing a virtual simulation scenario for fires in hazardous chemical industrial parks and a multi-agency coordinated rescue drill plan. Based on a post-incident analysis of the case study, the research identifies key elements such as hazardous chemical types, park layout, fire and explosion progression, rescue routes, personnel evacuation, and environmental monitoring. Using 3ds Max and Unity 3D, the study visualizes three-dimensional scenes, dynamic fires, traffic congestion, and rescue operations; In accordance with the emergency response command procedures for hazardous chemical accidents, the study designed roles and tasks for emergency command, fire and rescue, medical aid, public security and traffic management, environmental monitoring, and technical support, forming a collaborative drill process comprising “alert reception and assessment—on-site reconnaissance—cordoning and evacuation—firefighting and search and rescue—medical and environmental response—termination and debriefing.” Furthermore, this scenario was integrated into the “Four Categories, Five Levels, and 4R Phases” practical teaching framework, establishing a resource organization model tailored to course experiments, comprehensive design, professional skills training, and competition-based innovation. Research indicates that virtual simulation scenarios of fires in hazardous chemical industrial parks can effectively enhance the visualization of accident processes, the intuitiveness of contingency plan execution, and the effectiveness of multi-role collaborative training, and can serve as a model achievement in the development of virtual simulation-based practical teaching systems for undergraduate emergency response programs.