African American Identity’ Absurdity and Erratic Visibility in Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man

Authors

  • Rongrong Zhuo
  • Yuqing Wang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6918/IJOSSER.202509_8(9).0011

Keywords:

Existentialism, Invisible Man, Black Literature, Identity.

Abstract

This essay explores the identity formation of Black intellectuals in postwar America through an analysis of  Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man (1953). Drawing on Jean-Paul Sartre’s existential philosophy, it examines the protagonist’s pursuit of subjectivity within a racist and nihilistic social order. By foregrounding African American urban experience, the novel challenges universalist approaches to racial oppression, emphasizing instead the necessity of self-affirmation and authenticity as foundations for meaningful belonging.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[1] T. King: The Inconvenient Indian: A Curious Account of Native People in North America (University of Minnesota Press, USA 2013).

[2] O. SY: Toni Morrison And Ralph Ellison’s Oraliture: Writing Fiction Against The Grain, Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies & Theory, Vol.5 (2019) No.1, p.121-141.

[3] A. Bourassa: Affect, History, and Race and Ellison’s Invisible Man, CLCWEB: Comparative Literature and Culture, Vol.8 (2006) No.2, p.1-8.

[4] S. Adell: Review: Ralph Ellison: Writing Criticism in Indelible Ink, Callaloo, Vol.14 (1991) No.3, p.755-757.

[5] J. M. Armengol: Race Relations in Black and White: Visual Impairment as a Racialized and Gendered Metaphor in Ralph Ellison’s “Invisible Man” and Herman Melville’s “Benito Cereno”, Atlantis, Vol.39 (2017) No.2, p.29-46.

[6] W.E.B. Du Bois: The Souls of Black Folk: Oxford World’s Classics (Oxford University Press, UK 1903).

[7] J.P. Sartre: Being and Nothingness (Trans. by H.E. Barnes, University of Colorado, USA 1943). (Original work published 1943 as L’Etre et le Neant)

[8] M. Blount: “A Certain Eloquence”: Ralph Ellison and the Afro-American Artist, American Literary History, Vol.1 (1989) No.3, p.675-688.

[9] R. Ellison: Invisible Man (Vintage Books, USA 1989).

[10] H. Greaves: Concepts of Existential Catastrophe, The Monist, Vol.107 (2024) No.2, p.109-129.

[11] M. Foucault: Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason (Trans. by R. Howard, Vintage Books, USA 1988). (Original work published 1965)

[12] N. Mills: Sterling Lecater Bland, Jr., In the Shadow of Invisibility: Ralph Ellison and the Promise of American Democracy, American Literary History, Vol.36 (2024) No.1, p.323-326.

[13] P. A. Anderson: Ralph Ellison on Lyricism and Swing, American Literary History, Vol.17 (2005) No.2, p.280-306.

[14] O. Müller: Being Seen: An Exploration of a Core Phenomenon of Human Existence and Its Normative Dimensions, Human Studies, Vol.40 (2017) No.3, p.365-380.

[15] A. Nadel: Review: Ralph Ellison and the American Canon, American Literary History, Vol.13 (2001) No.2, p.393-404.

[16] L. Johnson: This Mammy-Made Nation Born in Blood: The Family as Nation in Ralph Waldo Ellison’s Three Days Before the Shooting...The Unfinished Second Novel, Callaloo, Vol.37 (2014) No.5, p.1214-1229.

[17] M. Speer: How Did I Get Here?, The Missouri Review, Vol.44 (2021) No.3, p.5-9.

Downloads

Published

2025-08-31

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Zhuo, R., & Wang, Y. (2025). African American Identity’ Absurdity and Erratic Visibility in Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man. International Journal of Social Science and Education Research, 8(9), 77-84. https://doi.org/10.6918/IJOSSER.202509_8(9).0011