A Study on Pathways for Shipping Energy Emission Reduction from the Perspective of International Maritime Environmental Law

Abstract

At present, the shipping industry consumes a vast amount of fossil fuels each year, with carbon dioxide emissions accounting for about 3% of global total emissions. In addition, pollutants such as sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides released during shipping pose severe threats to the environment of coastal areas and to human health. In response to this situation, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has established a series of conventions and regulations, including the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships and the IMO Strategy on Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships, setting explicit targets and standards for emission reductions in the shipping industry. Conducting an in-depth study of energy emission reduction pathways in shipping from the perspective of international maritime environmental law is of great significance for promoting the green transformation of the shipping industry, achieving global climate governance goals, protecting the marine ecological environment, and fostering the sustainable development of international trade. Taking this as a starting point, this paper analyzes the current status of energy consumption and emissions in shipping, reviews relevant IMO regulations, identifies technical challenges, economic cost pressures, and policy coordination dilemmas faced by shipping energy emission reduction, and explores multidimensional pathways. The aim is to provide theoretical support and practical reference for the industry’s transition to low-carbon development and the achievement of global maritime environmental goals.