Research on the Characteristics of Rawls's Theory of Justice

Abstract

Rawls’s theory of justice constitutes a foundational intervention in contemporary political philosophy, seeking to reconcile the demands of liberty and equality through a rearticulated contractarian framework. It endeavors to transcend classical utilitarianism, construct a procedural conception of justice, and reexamine the moral basis of the basic structure of society. These philosophical innovations are systematically expressed in his conception of “justice as fairness.” This article critically examines the distinct features of Rawls’s theory, with special emphasis on its normative coherence, procedural justification, and implications for democratic legitimacy and distributive justice.